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Estonia
Republic of Estonia
Key facts
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Region
- Europe · Northern Europe
- Languages
- Estonian
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Area
- 45,227 km²
- Land borders
- 2 countries
- Landlocked
- No
- UN member
- Yes
European UnionEurozoneOECDSchengen AreaNATO
Mobile phone subscriptions
World Bank · dashed line = projection
Birth rateDeath rateNet migrationPopulation aged 0 to 14Population aged 65 and overPopulation densityTotal fertility rateTotal populationUrban populationExtreme povertyGini indexGross National Income per capita (2017 PPP$)Human Development Index (HDI)AgricultureCurrent account balanceExportsForeign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)GDP per capita, current pricesGDP per capita, purchasing power parityGDP, current prices, purchasing power parityGNI per capita (Atlas method)Gross domestic product (GDP), current pricesImportsIndustryInflation rate (consumer prices, annual %)International tourist arrivalsInward FDI positions (stock)Real GDP growth (annual %)Remittances receivedServicesTrade opennessAdult literacy ratePrimary school enrollmentPublic spending on educationSchool enrollment, secondary (% gross)Tertiary education enrollmentAir pollution (PM2.5)CO2 emissionsCO2 emissions per capitaForest areaRenewable energyLand areaHealth expenditureHealth expenditure per personInfant mortality rateLife expectancy at birthMaternal mortality ratioPhysiciansUnder-5 mortality rateAccess to electricityInternet usersMobile phone subscriptionsFemale labour force participationLabour force participationUnemployment rateYouth unemploymentArmed forces personnelMilitary expenditureMilitary expenditure (US$)Women in parliamentGeneral government gross debt (% of GDP)General government net debt (% of GDP)Tax revenueResearch and development spendingHomicide rateSatellites in orbit (by owner country)Olympic gold medals, Summer Games (cumulative)Olympic gold medals, Winter Games (cumulative)Olympic medals, Summer Games (cumulative)Olympic medals, Winter Games (cumulative)
Demographics
Birth rate
7.10#183 of 199
2024· World Bank
Death rate
11.5#22 of 199
2024· World Bank
Net migration
-13.4K#143 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
15.3%#163 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
21.8%#18 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population density
32 /km²#152 of 197
2024· World Bank
Total fertility rate
1.18#183 of 199
2024· World Bank
Total population
1.37M#153 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: 1.36M
Urban population
70.7%#74 of 199
2025· World Bank
Development
Economy
Agriculture
1.6%#132 of 158
2025· World Bank
Current account balance
0.4%#90 of 166
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Exports
78.4%#19 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
-2.2%#176 of 183
2025· World Bank
GDP per capita, current prices
$31.4K#43 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $47.9K
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity
$47.7K#49 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $62.7K
GDP, current prices, purchasing power parity
$65.52B#119 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $85.32B
GNI per capita (Atlas method)
$32.3K#34 of 182
2025· World Bank
Gross domestic product (GDP), current prices
$43.12B#102 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $65.15B
Imports
77.4%#24 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Industry
19.7%#115 of 158
2025· World Bank
Inflation rate (consumer prices, annual %)
4.8%#38 of 169
2025· World Bank
International tourist arrivals
1.70M#63 of 167
2020· rank as of 2019· World Bank
Inward FDI positions (stock)
$37.12B#34 of 37
2024· OECD
Real GDP growth (annual %)
1.3%#155 of 192
2025· IMF
Forecast 2031: 1.7%
Remittances received
1.1%#106 of 160
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Services
65.8%#29 of 158
2025· World Bank
Trade openness
155.8%#19 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Education
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2011· World Bank
Primary school enrollment
97.8%#93 of 159
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Public spending on education
5.2%#43 of 158
2022· World Bank
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
108.5%#22 of 141
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Tertiary education enrollment
65.7%#46 of 124
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Environment
Geography
Health
Health expenditure
7.8%#72 of 192
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Health expenditure per person
$2,438#37 of 191
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Infant mortality rate
1.50#2 of 194
2024· World Bank
Life expectancy at birth
79.3 yrs#47 of 199
2024· World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
5.00#23 of 194
2023· World Bank
Physicians
3.47#36 of 136
2022· rank as of 2020· World Bank
Under-5 mortality rate
2.00#2 of 194
2024· World Bank
Infrastructure
Labour
Military
Politics
Public finance
Science
Society
Space
Sport
Olympic gold medals, Summer Games (cumulative)
10#48 of 103
2024· Official competition results (IOC, FIFA, World Rugby, IHF, FIBA, Grand Slams, FIA, ASO, France Football)
Olympic gold medals, Winter Games (cumulative)
4#22 of 35
2026· Official competition results (IOC, FIFA, World Rugby, IHF, FIBA, Grand Slams, FIA, ASO, France Football)
Olympic medals, Summer Games (cumulative)
36#54 of 139
2024· Official competition results (IOC, FIFA, World Rugby, IHF, FIBA, Grand Slams, FIA, ASO, France Football)
Olympic medals, Winter Games (cumulative)
9#27 of 41
2026· Official competition results (IOC, FIFA, World Rugby, IHF, FIBA, Grand Slams, FIA, ASO, France Football)
Values show the latest observed year for each indicator. Ranks compare countries on the most recent year with broad coverage. Forecasts are the source's own projections.