Science

Research and development spending

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a share of GDP.

Year

Highest · 2023

6.3%

Coverage · 2023

countries

Method

Higher is better

Score: 0 = worst, 100 = best in 2023

Ranking 2023

#	Country	Value	Score
1	Israel	6.3%	100.0
2	Liechtenstein	6.0%	94.7
3	South Korea	4.9%	77.9
4	Sweden	3.6%	56.7
5	United States	3.4%	54.3
6	Japan	3.4%	54.2
7	Belgium	3.3%	51.5
8	Austria	3.3%	51.2
9	Switzerland	3.2%	50.7
10	Germany	3.2%	49.7
11	Finland	3.1%	48.7
12	Denmark	3.0%	48.0
13	United Kingdom	2.7%	42.1
14	Iceland	2.6%	41.5
15	China	2.6%	40.6
16	Netherlands	2.3%	35.7
17	France	2.2%	34.3
18	Slovenia	2.1%	33.6
19	Norway	1.9%	29.1
20	Estonia	1.8%	28.9
21	Czechia	1.8%	28.8
22	Canada	1.8%	28.5
23	Portugal	1.7%	26.6
24	Ireland	1.6%	25.0
25	Poland	1.6%	24.4
26	New Zealand	1.5%	24.3
27	Greece	1.5%	23.5
28	Spain	1.5%	23.5
29	Turkey	1.4%	22.3
30	Croatia	1.4%	21.8
31	Italy	1.4%	21.7
32	Hungary	1.4%	21.6
33	Brazil	1.2%	18.7
34	Hong Kong	1.1%	17.4
35	Luxembourg	1.1%	16.8
36	Lithuania	1.0%	16.5
37	Slovakia	1.0%	16.2
38	Egypt	1.0%	16.2
39	Thailand	0.9%	14.7
40	Russia	0.9%	14.7
41	Serbia	0.9%	13.8
42	Latvia	0.8%	12.9
43	Kenya	0.8%	12.6
44	Bulgaria	0.8%	12.4
45	Rwanda	0.8%	12.2
46	Uruguay	0.7%	11.0
47	Cyprus	0.7%	10.7
48	Malta	0.6%	10.1
49	Argentina	0.6%	9.4
50	Belarus	0.6%	8.9
51	Romania	0.5%	8.1
52	Saudi Arabia	0.5%	7.7
53	Uganda	0.4%	6.8
54	Vietnam	0.4%	6.4
55	Cuba	0.4%	6.1
56	Algeria	0.4%	5.9
57	Oman	0.4%	5.8
58	North Macedonia	0.4%	5.7
59	Costa Rica	0.3%	5.2
60	Ukraine	0.3%	5.0
61	Macao	0.3%	4.2
62	Mexico	0.3%	4.1
63	Georgia	0.3%	3.9
64	Mauritius	0.2%	3.7
65	Moldova	0.2%	3.4
66	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.2%	2.9
67	Armenia	0.2%	2.8
68	Azerbaijan	0.2%	2.8
69	Peru	0.2%	2.7
70	Pakistan	0.2%	2.5
71	Panama	0.2%	2.4
72	Mali	0.1%	2.2
73	Kazakhstan	0.1%	2.2
74	Paraguay	0.1%	2.1
75	Uzbekistan	0.1%	1.7
76	Bhutan	0.1%	1.6
77	El Salvador	0.1%	1.5
78	Burkina Faso	0.1%	1.5
79	Kuwait	0.1%	1.4
80	Lesotho	0.1%	1.4
81	Turkmenistan	0.1%	1.3
82	Kyrgyzstan	0.1%	0.8
83	Myanmar	0.0%	0.3
84	Guatemala	0.0%	0.0

Source: World Bank — Research and development spending · Unit: % of GDP · Year: 2023 · 84 entries