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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Key facts
- Capital
- Ashgabat
- Region
- Asia · Central Asia
- Languages
- Russian, Turkmen
- Currency
- Turkmenistan manat (TMT)
- Area
- 488,100 km²
- Land borders
- 4 countries
- Landlocked
- Yes
- UN member
- Yes
Human Development Index (HDI)
United Nations Development Programme · dashed line = projection
Birth rateDeath rateNet migrationPopulation aged 0 to 14Population aged 65 and overPopulation densityTotal fertility rateTotal populationUrban populationExtreme povertyGini indexGross National Income per capita (2017 PPP$)Human Development Index (HDI)AgricultureExportsForeign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)GDP per capita, current pricesGDP per capita, purchasing power parityGDP, current prices, purchasing power parityGNI per capita (Atlas method)Gross domestic product (GDP), current pricesImportsIndustryInternational tourist arrivalsReal GDP growth (annual %)Remittances receivedServicesTrade opennessAdult literacy ratePrimary school enrollmentPublic spending on educationSchool enrollment, secondary (% gross)Tertiary education enrollmentAir pollution (PM2.5)CO2 emissionsCO2 emissions per capitaForest areaRenewable energyLand areaHealth expenditureHealth expenditure per personInfant mortality rateLife expectancy at birthMaternal mortality ratioPhysiciansUnder-5 mortality rateAccess to electricityInternet usersMobile phone subscriptionsFemale labour force participationLabour force participationUnemployment rateYouth unemploymentArmed forces personnelMilitary expenditureMilitary expenditure (US$)Women in parliamentGeneral government gross debt (% of GDP)Research and development spendingHomicide rateOlympic medals, Summer Games (cumulative)
Demographics
Birth rate
20.9#69 of 199
2024· World Bank
Death rate
5.84#152 of 199
2024· World Bank
Net migration
13.3K#39 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
31.2%#66 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
4.8%#135 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population density
16 /km²#181 of 197
2024· World Bank
Total fertility rate
2.66#67 of 199
2024· World Bank
Total population
6.60M#105 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: 7.10M
Urban population
47.1%#140 of 199
2025· World Bank
Development
Economy
Agriculture
12.4%#48 of 158
2025· World Bank
Exports
14.5%#140 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
1.4%#114 of 183
2025· World Bank
GDP per capita, current prices
$10.4K#82 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $16.2K
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity
$22.2K#87 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $28.4K
GDP, current prices, purchasing power parity
$146.27B#91 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $201.34B
GNI per capita (Atlas method)
$6,340#99 of 182
2025· World Bank
Gross domestic product (GDP), current prices
$68.68B#89 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $114.73B
Imports
13.7%#166 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Industry
36.0%#23 of 158
2025· World Bank
International tourist arrivals
380.0K
1998· World Bank
Real GDP growth (annual %)
3.6%#91 of 192
2025· IMF
Forecast 2031: 2.6%
Remittances received
0.2%
1996· World Bank
Services
48.9%#114 of 158
2025· World Bank
Trade openness
28.2%#159 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Education
Adult literacy rate
99.9%#4 of 45
2022· World Bank
Primary school enrollment
95.7%#106 of 159
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Public spending on education
4.3%#99 of 158
2024· rank as of 2022· World Bank
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
94.6%#42 of 141
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Tertiary education enrollment
20.4%#105 of 124
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Environment
Geography
Health
Health expenditure
5.5%#118 of 192
2023· World Bank
Health expenditure per person
$581#79 of 191
2023· World Bank
Infant mortality rate
30.4#149 of 194
2024· World Bank
Life expectancy at birth
70.2 yrs#135 of 199
2024· World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
5.00#23 of 194
2023· World Bank
Physicians
1.93#73 of 136
2023· rank as of 2020· World Bank
Under-5 mortality rate
39.0#153 of 194
2024· World Bank
Infrastructure
Labour
Military
Politics
Public finance
Science
Society
Sport
Values show the latest observed year for each indicator. Ranks compare countries on the most recent year with broad coverage. Forecasts are the source's own projections.