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Madagascar
Republic of Madagascar
Key facts
- Capital
- Antananarivo
- Region
- Africa · Eastern Africa
- Languages
- French, Malagasy
- Currency
- Malagasy ariary (MGA)
- Area
- 587,041 km²
- Land borders
- None
- Landlocked
- No
- UN member
- Yes
Female labour force participation
World Bank · dashed line = projection
Birth rateDeath rateNet migrationPopulation aged 0 to 14Population aged 65 and overPopulation densityTotal fertility rateTotal populationUrban populationExtreme povertyGini indexGross National Income per capita (2017 PPP$)Human Development Index (HDI)AgricultureCurrent account balanceExportsForeign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)GDP per capita, current pricesGDP per capita, purchasing power parityGDP, current prices, purchasing power parityGNI per capita (Atlas method)Gross domestic product (GDP), current pricesImportsIndustryInflation rate (consumer prices, annual %)International tourist arrivalsReal GDP growth (annual %)Remittances receivedServicesTrade opennessAdult literacy ratePrimary school enrollmentPublic spending on educationSchool enrollment, secondary (% gross)Tertiary education enrollmentAir pollution (PM2.5)CO2 emissionsCO2 emissions per capitaForest areaRenewable energyLand areaHealth expenditureHealth expenditure per personInfant mortality rateLife expectancy at birthMaternal mortality ratioPhysiciansUnder-5 mortality rateAccess to electricityInternet usersMobile phone subscriptionsFemale labour force participationLabour force participationUnemployment rateYouth unemploymentArmed forces personnelMilitary expenditureMilitary expenditure (US$)Women in parliamentGeneral government gross debt (% of GDP)Tax revenueNobel laureates (by country of birth)Research and development spending
Demographics
Birth rate
31.7#22 of 199
2024· World Bank
Death rate
7.47#94 of 199
2024· World Bank
Net migration
-2,227#102 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
38.9%#29 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
3.5%#162 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population density
55 /km²#135 of 197
2024· World Bank
Total fertility rate
3.91#26 of 199
2024· World Bank
Total population
30.59M#49 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: 37.07M
Urban population
32.9%#171 of 199
2025· World Bank
Development
Economy
Agriculture
21.7%#25 of 158
2025· World Bank
Current account balance
-5.2%#112 of 166
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Exports
21.3%#120 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
4.5%#41 of 183
2025· World Bank
GDP per capita, current prices
$575#189 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $907
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity
$1,973#186 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $2,524
GDP, current prices, purchasing power parity
$60.37B#121 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $93.56B
GNI per capita (Atlas method)
$560#180 of 182
2025· World Bank
Gross domestic product (GDP), current prices
$17.59B#136 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $33.64B
Imports
32.9%#105 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Industry
23.9%#88 of 158
2025· World Bank
Inflation rate (consumer prices, annual %)
8.1%#25 of 169
2025· World Bank
International tourist arrivals
87.1K#136 of 167
2020· rank as of 2019· World Bank
Real GDP growth (annual %)
3.1%#106 of 192
2025· IMF
Forecast 2031: 4.8%
Remittances received
3.1%#80 of 160
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Services
48.8%#115 of 158
2025· World Bank
Trade openness
54.2%#116 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Education
Adult literacy rate
74.7%
2021· World Bank
Primary school enrollment
132.7%#4 of 159
2024· rank as of 2023· World Bank
Public spending on education
3.0%#117 of 158
2023· rank as of 2022· World Bank
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
34.1%
2021· World Bank
Tertiary education enrollment
6.1%#121 of 124
2023· World Bank
Environment
Geography
Health
Health expenditure
3.4%#169 of 192
2023· World Bank
Health expenditure per person
$17#191 of 191
2023· World Bank
Infant mortality rate
43.0#173 of 194
2024· World Bank
Life expectancy at birth
63.8 yrs#178 of 199
2024· World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
445.0#183 of 194
2023· World Bank
Physicians
0.17
2022· World Bank
Under-5 mortality rate
62.4#176 of 194
2024· World Bank
Infrastructure
Labour
Military
Politics
Public finance
Science
Values show the latest observed year for each indicator. Ranks compare countries on the most recent year with broad coverage. Forecasts are the source's own projections.