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Somalia
Federal Republic of Somalia
Key facts
- Capital
- Mogadishu
- Region
- Africa · Eastern Africa
- Languages
- Arabic, Somali
- Currency
- Somali shilling (SOS)
- Area
- 637,657 km²
- Land borders
- 3 countries
- Landlocked
- No
- UN member
- Yes
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
World Bank · dashed line = projection
Birth rateDeath rateNet migrationPopulation aged 0 to 14Population aged 65 and overPopulation densityTotal fertility rateTotal populationUrban populationGross National Income per capita (2017 PPP$)Human Development Index (HDI)AgricultureExportsForeign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)GDP per capita, current pricesGDP per capita, purchasing power parityGDP, current prices, purchasing power parityGNI per capita (Atlas method)Gross domestic product (GDP), current pricesImportsIndustryReal GDP growth (annual %)Remittances receivedTrade opennessAdult literacy ratePrimary school enrollmentPublic spending on educationSchool enrollment, secondary (% gross)Tertiary education enrollmentAir pollution (PM2.5)CO2 emissionsCO2 emissions per capitaForest areaRenewable energyLand areaHealth expenditureHealth expenditure per personInfant mortality rateLife expectancy at birthMaternal mortality ratioPhysiciansUnder-5 mortality rateAccess to electricityInternet usersMobile phone subscriptionsFemale labour force participationLabour force participationUnemployment rateYouth unemploymentArmed forces personnelMilitary expenditureMilitary expenditure (US$)Women in parliamentTax revenue
Demographics
Birth rate
42.3#3 of 199
2024· World Bank
Death rate
9.74#42 of 199
2024· World Bank
Net migration
12.1K#40 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
46.6%#2 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
2.6%#188 of 199
2025· World Bank
Population density
30 /km²#154 of 197
2024· World Bank
Total fertility rate
6.01#2 of 199
2024· World Bank
Total population
16.50M#72 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: 20.02M
Urban population
55.1%#129 of 199
2025· World Bank
Development
Economy
Agriculture
55.8%
1990· World Bank
Exports
29.2%#99 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
6.4%#29 of 183
2025· World Bank
GDP per capita, current prices
$737#185 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $1,098
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity
$1,849#189 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $2,250
GDP, current prices, purchasing power parity
$30.51B#148 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $45.05B
GNI per capita (Atlas method)
$640#177 of 182
2025· World Bank
Gross domestic product (GDP), current prices
$12.16B#148 of 195
2024· IMF
Forecast 2031: $21.99B
Imports
98.8%#9 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Industry
9.7%
1986· World Bank
Real GDP growth (annual %)
3.1%#106 of 192
2025· IMF
Forecast 2031: 4.0%
Remittances received
3.0%
1983· World Bank
Trade openness
128.1%#36 of 168
2025· rank as of 2024· World Bank
Education
Adult literacy rate
54.1%#42 of 45
2022· World Bank
Primary school enrollment
20.9%#159 of 159
2023· World Bank
Public spending on education
0.0%#158 of 158
2023· rank as of 2022· World Bank
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
3.3%#141 of 141
2023· World Bank
Tertiary education enrollment
2.4%
1987· World Bank
Environment
Geography
Health
Health expenditure
3.7%#160 of 192
2023· World Bank
Health expenditure per person
$22#189 of 191
2023· World Bank
Infant mortality rate
65.4#191 of 194
2024· World Bank
Life expectancy at birth
59.0 yrs#194 of 199
2024· World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
563.0#189 of 194
2023· World Bank
Physicians
0.05
2014· World Bank
Under-5 mortality rate
101.1#192 of 194
2024· World Bank
Infrastructure
Labour
Military
Politics
Public finance
Values show the latest observed year for each indicator. Ranks compare countries on the most recent year with broad coverage. Forecasts are the source's own projections.